# # This file contains youtube API wrappers # module YoutubeAPI extend self # Enumerate used to select one of the clients supported by the API enum ClientType Web WebEmbed WebMobile WebAgeBypass Android AndroidEmbed AndroidAgeBypass end # List of hard-coded values used by the different clients HARDCODED_CLIENTS = { ClientType::Web => { name: "WEB", version: "2.20210721.00.00", api_key: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8", screen: "WATCH_FULL_SCREEN", }, ClientType::WebEmbed => { name: "WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER", # 56 version: "1.20210721.1.0", api_key: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8", screen: "EMBED", }, ClientType::WebMobile => { name: "MWEB", version: "2.20210726.08.00", api_key: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8", screen: "", # None }, ClientType::WebAgeBypass => { name: "WEB", version: "2.20210721.00.00", api_key: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8", screen: "EMBED", }, ClientType::Android => { name: "ANDROID", version: "16.20", api_key: "AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w", screen: "", # ?? }, ClientType::AndroidEmbed => { name: "ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER", # 55 version: "16.20", api_key: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8", screen: "", # None? }, ClientType::AndroidAgeBypass => { name: "ANDROID", # 3 version: "16.20", api_key: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8", screen: "EMBED", }, } #################################################################### # struct ClientConfig # # Data structure used to pass a client configuration to the different # API endpoints handlers. # # Use case examples: # # ``` # # Get Norwegian search results # conf_1 = ClientConfig.new(region: "NO") # YoutubeAPI::search("Kollektivet", params: "", client_config: conf_1) # # # Use the Android client to request video streams URLs # conf_2 = ClientConfig.new(client_type: ClientType::Android) # YoutubeAPI::player(video_id: "dQw4w9WgXcQ", client_config: conf_2) # # # Proxy request through russian proxies # conf_3 = ClientConfig.new(proxy_region: "RU") # YoutubeAPI::next({video_id: "dQw4w9WgXcQ"}, client_config: conf_3) # ``` # struct ClientConfig # Type of client to emulate. # See `enum ClientType` and `HARDCODED_CLIENTS`. property client_type : ClientType # Region to provide to youtube, e.g to alter search results # (this is passed as the `gl` parmeter). property region : String | Nil # ISO code of country where the proxy is located. # Used in case of geo-restricted videos. property proxy_region : String | Nil # Initialization function def initialize( *, @client_type = ClientType::Web, @region = "US", @proxy_region = nil ) end # Getter functions that provides easy access to hardcoded clients # parameters (name/version strings and related API key) def name : String HARDCODED_CLIENTS[@client_type][:name] end # :ditto: def version : String HARDCODED_CLIENTS[@client_type][:version] end # :ditto: def api_key : String HARDCODED_CLIENTS[@client_type][:api_key] end # :ditto: def screen : String HARDCODED_CLIENTS[@client_type][:screen] end # Convert to string, for logging purposes def to_s return { client_type: self.name, region: @region, proxy_region: @proxy_region, }.to_s end end # Default client config, used if nothing is passed DEFAULT_CLIENT_CONFIG = ClientConfig.new #################################################################### # make_context(client_config) # # Return, as a Hash, the "context" data required to request the # youtube API endpoints. # private def make_context(client_config : ClientConfig | Nil) : Hash # Use the default client config if nil is passed client_config ||= DEFAULT_CLIENT_CONFIG client_context = { "client" => { "hl" => "en", "gl" => client_config.region || "US", # Can't be empty! "clientName" => client_config.name, "clientVersion" => client_config.version, "thirdParty" => { "embedUrl" => "", # Placeholder }, }, } # Add some more context if it exists in the client definitions if !client_config.screen.empty? client_context["client"]["clientScreen"] = client_config.screen end # Replacing/removing the placeholder is easier than trying to # merge two different Hash structures. if client_config.screen == "EMBED" client_context["client"]["thirdParty"] = { "embedUrl" => "https://www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ", } else client_context["client"].delete("thirdParty") end return client_context end #################################################################### # browse(continuation, client_config?) # browse(browse_id, params, client_config?) # # Requests the youtubei/v1/browse endpoint with the required headers # and POST data in order to get a JSON reply in english that can # be easily parsed. # # Both forms can take an optional ClientConfig parameter (see # `struct ClientConfig` above for more details). # # The requested data can either be: # # - A continuation token (ctoken). Depending on this token's # contents, the returned data can be playlist videos, channel # community tab content, channel info, ... # # - A playlist ID (parameters MUST be an empty string) # def browse(continuation : String, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil) # JSON Request data, required by the API data = { "context" => self.make_context(client_config), "continuation" => continuation, } return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/browse", data, client_config) end # :ditto: def browse( browse_id : String, *, # Force the following paramters to be passed by name params : String, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil ) # JSON Request data, required by the API data = { "browseId" => browse_id, "context" => self.make_context(client_config), } # Append the additionnal parameters if those were provided # (this is required for channel info, playlist and community, e.g) if params != "" data["params"] = params end return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/browse", data, client_config) end #################################################################### # next(continuation, client_config?) # next(data, client_config?) # # Requests the youtubei/v1/next endpoint with the required headers # and POST data in order to get a JSON reply in english that can # be easily parsed. # # Both forms can take an optional ClientConfig parameter (see # `struct ClientConfig` above for more details). # # The requested data can be: # # - A continuation token (ctoken). Depending on this token's # contents, the returned data can be videos comments, # their replies, ... In this case, the string must be passed # directly to the function. E.g: # # ``` # YoutubeAPI::next("ABCDEFGH_abcdefgh==") # ``` # # - Arbitrary parameters, in Hash form. See examples below for # known examples of arbitrary data that can be passed to YouTube: # # ``` # # Get the videos related to a specific video ID # YoutubeAPI::next({"videoId" => "dQw4w9WgXcQ"}) # # # Get a playlist video's details # YoutubeAPI::next({ # "videoId" => "9bZkp7q19f0", # "playlistId" => "PL_oFlvgqkrjUVQwiiE3F3k3voF4tjXeP0", # }) # ``` # def next(continuation : String, *, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil) # JSON Request data, required by the API data = { "context" => self.make_context(client_config), "continuation" => continuation, } return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/next", data, client_config) end # :ditto: def next(data : Hash, *, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil) # JSON Request data, required by the API data2 = data.merge({ "context" => self.make_context(client_config), }) return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/next", data2, client_config) end # Allow a NamedTuple to be passed, too. def next(data : NamedTuple, *, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil) return self.next(data.to_h, client_config: client_config) end #################################################################### # player(video_id, params, client_config?) # # Requests the youtubei/v1/player endpoint with the required headers # and POST data in order to get a JSON reply. # # The requested data is a video ID (`v=` parameter), with some # additional paramters, formatted as a base64 string. # # An optional ClientConfig parameter can be passed, too (see # `struct ClientConfig` above for more details). # def player( video_id : String, *, # Force the following paramters to be passed by name params : String, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil ) # JSON Request data, required by the API data = { "videoId" => video_id, "context" => self.make_context(client_config), } # Append the additionnal parameters if those were provided if params != "" data["params"] = params end return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/player", data, client_config) end #################################################################### # resolve_url(url) # # Requests the youtubei/v1/navigation/resolve_url endpoint with the # required headers and POST data in order to get a JSON reply. # # Output: # # ``` # # Valid channel "brand URL" gives the related UCID and browse ID # channel_a = YoutubeAPI.resolve_url("https://youtube.com/c/google") # channel_a # => { # "endpoint": { # "browseEndpoint": { # "params": "EgC4AQA%3D", # "browseId":"UCK8sQmJBp8GCxrOtXWBpyEA" # }, # ... # } # } # # # Invalid URL returns throws an InfoException # channel_b = YoutubeAPI.resolve_url("https://youtube.com/c/invalid") # ``` # def resolve_url(url : String) data = { "context" => self.make_context(nil), "url" => url, } return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/navigation/resolve_url", data) end #################################################################### # search(search_query, params, client_config?) # # Requests the youtubei/v1/search endpoint with the required headers # and POST data in order to get a JSON reply. As the search results # vary depending on the region, a region code can be specified in # order to get non-US results. # # The requested data is a search string, with some additional # paramters, formatted as a base64 string. # # An optional ClientConfig parameter can be passed, too (see # `struct ClientConfig` above for more details). # def search( search_query : String, params : String, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil = nil ) # JSON Request data, required by the API data = { "query" => search_query, "context" => self.make_context(client_config), "params" => params, } return self._post_json("/youtubei/v1/search", data, client_config) end #################################################################### # _post_json(endpoint, data, client_config?) # # Internal function that does the actual request to youtube servers # and handles errors. # # The requested data is an endpoint (URL without the domain part) # and the data as a Hash object. # def _post_json( endpoint : String, data : Hash, client_config : ClientConfig | Nil ) : Hash(String, JSON::Any) # Use the default client config if nil is passed client_config ||= DEFAULT_CLIENT_CONFIG # Query parameters url = "#{endpoint}?key=#{client_config.api_key}" headers = HTTP::Headers{ "Content-Type" => "application/json; charset=UTF-8", "Accept-Encoding" => "gzip", } # Logging LOGGER.debug("YoutubeAPI: Using endpoint: \"#{endpoint}\"") LOGGER.trace("YoutubeAPI: ClientConfig: #{client_config.to_s}") LOGGER.trace("YoutubeAPI: POST data: #{data.to_s}") # Send the POST request if client_config.proxy_region response = YT_POOL.client( client_config.proxy_region, &.post(url, headers: headers, body: data.to_json) ) else response = YT_POOL.client &.post( url, headers: headers, body: data.to_json ) end # Convert result to Hash initial_data = JSON.parse(response.body).as_h # Error handling if initial_data.has_key?("error") code = initial_data["error"]["code"] message = initial_data["error"]["message"].to_s.sub(/(\\n)+\^$/, "") # Logging LOGGER.error("YoutubeAPI: Got error #{code} when requesting #{endpoint}") LOGGER.error("YoutubeAPI: #{message}") LOGGER.info("YoutubeAPI: POST data was: #{data.to_s}") raise InfoException.new("Could not extract JSON. Youtube API returned \ error #{code} with message:
\"#{message}\"") end return initial_data end end # End of module