uvg266/src/encmain.c

/*****************************************************************************
 * This file is part of uvg266 VVC encoder.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2021, Tampere University, ITU/ISO/IEC, project contributors
 * All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 * 
 * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 
 * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
 *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
 *   other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 
 * * Neither the name of the Tampere University or ITU/ISO/IEC nor the names of its
 *   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 *   this software without specific prior written permission.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
 * ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 * INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 ****************************************************************************/

/*
 * \file
 *
 */

#ifdef _WIN32
/* The following two defines must be located before the inclusion of any system header files. */
#define WINVER       0x0500
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500

#include "global.h" // IWYU pragma: keep

#include <fcntl.h>    /* _O_BINARY */
#include <io.h>       /* _setmode() */
#endif

#include <math.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h> // IWYU pragma: keep for CLOCKS_PER_SEC

#include "checkpoint.h"
#include "cli.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "encoder.h"
#include "uvg266.h"
#include "uvg266_internal.h"
#include "threads.h"
#include "yuv_io.h"

/**
 * \brief Open a file for reading.
 *
 * If the file is "-", stdin is used.
 *
 * \param filename  name of the file to open or "-"
 * \return          the opened file or NULL if opening fails
 */
static FILE* open_input_file(const char* filename)
{
  if (!strcmp(filename, "-")) return stdin;
  return fopen(filename, "rb");
}

/**
 * \brief Open a file for writing.
 *
 * If the file is "-", stdout is used.
 *
 * \param filename  name of the file to open or "-"
 * \return          the opened file or NULL if opening fails
 */
static FILE* open_output_file(const char* filename)
{
  if (!strcmp(filename, "-")) return stdout;
  return fopen(filename, "wb");
}

static unsigned get_padding(unsigned width_or_height){
  if (width_or_height % CONF_WINDOW_PAD_IN_PIXELS) {
    return CONF_WINDOW_PAD_IN_PIXELS - (width_or_height % CONF_WINDOW_PAD_IN_PIXELS);
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
}

/**
 * \brief Value that is printed instead of PSNR when SSE is zero.
 */
static const double MAX_PSNR = 999.99;
static const double MAX_SQUARED_ERROR = (double)PIXEL_MAX * (double)PIXEL_MAX;

/**
 * \brief Calculates image PSNR value
 *
 * \param src   source picture
 * \param rec   reconstructed picture
 * \prama psnr  returns the PSNR
 */
static void compute_psnr(const uvg_picture *const src,
                         const uvg_picture *const rec,
                         double psnr[3])
{
  assert(src->width  == rec->width);
  assert(src->height == rec->height);

  int32_t pixels = src->width * src->height;
  int colors = rec->chroma_format == UVG_CSP_400 ? 1 : 3;
  double sse[3] = { 0.0 };

  for (int32_t c = 0; c < colors; ++c) {

    uvg_pixel* src_ptr = src->data[c];
    uvg_pixel* rec_ptr = rec->data[c];
    int32_t width = src->width;
    int32_t height = src->height;
    int32_t stride = src->stride;
    int32_t num_pixels = pixels;
    if (c != COLOR_Y) {
      width >>= 1;
      height >>= 1;
      stride >>= 1;
      num_pixels >>= 2;
    }
    for (int32_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
      for (int32_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
        const int32_t error = src_ptr[x] - rec_ptr[x];
        sse[c] += error * error;
      }
      src_ptr += stride;
      rec_ptr += stride;
    }

    // Avoid division by zero
    if (sse[c] == 0.0) {
      psnr[c] = MAX_PSNR;
    } else {
      psnr[c] = 10.0 * log10(num_pixels * MAX_SQUARED_ERROR / sse[c]);
    }
  }
}

typedef struct {
  // Semaphores for synchronization.
  uvg_sem_t* available_input_slots;
  uvg_sem_t* filled_input_slots;

  // Parameters passed from main thread to input thread.
  FILE* input;
  const uvg_api *api;
  const cmdline_opts_t *opts;
  const encoder_control_t *encoder;
  const uint8_t padding_x;
  const uint8_t padding_y;

  // Picture and thread status passed from input thread to main thread.
  uvg_picture *img_in;
  int retval;
} input_handler_args;

#define RETVAL_RUNNING 0
#define RETVAL_FAILURE 1
#define RETVAL_EOF 2

/**
* \brief Handles input reading in a thread
*
* \param in_args  pointer to argument struct
*/
static void* input_read_thread(void* in_args)
{

  // Reading a frame works as follows:
  // - read full frame
  // if progressive: set read frame as output
  // if interlaced:
  // - allocate two fields and fill them according to field order
  // - deallocate the initial full frame

  input_handler_args* args = (input_handler_args*)in_args;
  uvg_picture *frame_in = NULL;
  int retval = RETVAL_RUNNING;
  int frames_read = 0;

  for (;;) {
    // Each iteration of this loop puts either a single frame or a field into
    // args->img_in for main thread to process.

    bool input_empty = !(args->opts->frames == 0 // number of frames to read is unknown
                         || frames_read < args->opts->frames); // not all frames have been read
    if (feof(args->input) || input_empty) {
      retval = RETVAL_EOF;
      goto done;
    }

    enum uvg_chroma_format csp = UVG_FORMAT2CSP(args->opts->config->input_format);
    frame_in = args->api->picture_alloc_csp(csp,
                                            args->opts->config->width  + args->padding_x,
                                            args->opts->config->height + args->padding_y);

    if (!frame_in) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate image.\n");
      retval = RETVAL_FAILURE;
      goto done;
    }

    // Set PTS to make sure we pass it on correctly.
    frame_in->pts = frames_read;

    bool read_success = yuv_io_read(args->input,
                                    args->opts->config->width,
                                    args->opts->config->height,
                                    args->encoder->cfg.input_bitdepth,
                                    args->encoder->bitdepth,
                                    frame_in, args->opts->config->file_format);
    if (!read_success) {
      // reading failed
      if (feof(args->input)) {
        // When looping input, re-open the file and re-read data.
        if (args->opts->loop_input && args->input != stdin) {
          fclose(args->input);
          args->input = fopen(args->opts->input, "rb");
          if (args->input == NULL)
          {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not re-open input file, shutting down!\n");
            retval = RETVAL_FAILURE;
            goto done;
          }
          bool read_success = yuv_io_read(args->input,
                                          args->opts->config->width,
                                          args->opts->config->height,
                                          args->encoder->cfg.input_bitdepth,
                                          args->encoder->bitdepth,
                                          frame_in, args->opts->config->file_format);
          if (!read_success) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not re-open input file, shutting down!\n");
            retval = RETVAL_FAILURE;
            goto done;
          }
        } else {
          retval = RETVAL_EOF;
          goto done;
        }
      } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read a frame %d\n", frames_read);
        retval = RETVAL_FAILURE;
        goto done;
      }
    }

    frames_read++;

    if (args->encoder->cfg.source_scan_type != 0) {
      // Set source scan type for frame, so that it will be turned into fields.
      frame_in->interlacing = args->encoder->cfg.source_scan_type;
    }

    // Wait until main thread is ready to receive the next frame.
    uvg_sem_wait(args->available_input_slots);
    args->img_in = frame_in;
    args->retval = retval;
    // Unlock main_thread_mutex to notify main thread that the new img_in
    // and retval have been placed to args.
    uvg_sem_post(args->filled_input_slots);

    frame_in = NULL;
  }

done:
  // Wait until main thread is ready to receive the next frame.
  uvg_sem_wait(args->available_input_slots);
  args->img_in = NULL;
  args->retval = retval;
  // Unlock main_thread_mutex to notify main thread that the new img_in
  // and retval have been placed to args.
  uvg_sem_post(args->filled_input_slots);

  // Do some cleaning up.
  args->api->picture_free(frame_in);

  // This thread exit call causes problems with media auto-build suite
  // The environment compiles with MINGW using a different pthreads lib
  #if !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)
  pthread_exit(NULL);
  #endif
  return NULL;
}


void output_recon_pictures(const uvg_api *const api,
                           FILE *recout,
                           uvg_picture *buffer[UVG_MAX_GOP_LENGTH],
                           int *buffer_size,
                           uint64_t *next_pts,
                           unsigned width,
                           unsigned height)
{
  bool picture_written;
  do {
    picture_written = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < *buffer_size; i++) {

      uvg_picture *pic = buffer[i];
      if (pic->pts == *next_pts) {
        // Output the picture and remove it.
        if (!yuv_io_write(recout, pic, width, height)) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write reconstructed picture!\n");
        }
        api->picture_free(pic);
        picture_written = true;
        (*next_pts)++;

        // Move rest of the pictures one position backward.
        for (i++; i < *buffer_size; i++) {
          buffer[i - 1] = buffer[i];
          buffer[i] = NULL;
        }
        (*buffer_size)--;
      }
    }
  } while (picture_written);
}

static double calc_avg_qp(uint64_t qp_sum, uint32_t frames_done)
{
  return (double)qp_sum / (double)frames_done;
}

/**
* \brief Reads the information in y4m header
*
* \param input  Pointer to the input file
* \param config Pointer to the config struct
*/
static bool read_header(FILE* input, uvg_config* config) {
  char buffer[256];
  bool end_of_header = false;

  while(!end_of_header) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
      buffer[i] = getc(input);
      // Start code of frame data
      if (buffer[i] == 0x0A) {
        end_of_header = true;
        break;
      }
      // Header sections are separated by space (ascii 0x20)
      if (buffer[i] == 0x20) {
        // Header start sequence does not hold any addition information, so it can be skipped
        if ((i == 9) && strncmp(buffer, "YUV4MPEG2 ", 10) == 0) {
          break;
        }
        switch (buffer[0]) {
        // Width
        case 'W':
          // Exclude starting 'W' and the space at the end with substr
          config->width = atoi(&buffer[1]);
          break;
        // Height
        case 'H':
          // Exclude starting 'H' and the space at the end with substr
          config->height = atoi(&buffer[1]);
          break;
        // Framerate (or start code of frame)
        case 'F':
          // The header has no ending signature other than the start code of a frame
          if (i >= 4 && strncmp(buffer, "FRAME", 5) == 0) {
            end_of_header = true;
            break;
          }
          else {
            config->framerate_num = atoi(&buffer[1]);
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
              if (buffer[j] == ':') {
                config->framerate_denom = atoi(&buffer[j + 1]);
              }
            }
            break;
          }
        // Interlacing
        case 'I':
          break;
        // Aspect ratio
        case 'A':
          break;
        // Colour space
        case 'C':
          break;
        // Comment
        case 'X':
          break;
        default:
          fprintf(stderr, "Unknown header argument starting with '%i'\n", buffer[0]);
          break;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  if (config->width == 0 || config->height == 0 || config->framerate_num == 0 || config->framerate_denom == 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read necessary info from y4m headers. Width, height and frame rate must be present in the headers.\n");
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/**
 * \brief Program main function.
 * \param argc Argument count from commandline
 * \param argv Argument list
 * \return Program exit state
 */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;

  cmdline_opts_t *opts = NULL; //!< Command line options
  uvg_encoder* enc = NULL;
  FILE *input  = NULL; //!< input file (YUV)
  FILE *output = NULL; //!< output file (HEVC NAL stream)
  FILE *recout = NULL; //!< reconstructed YUV output, --debug
  FILE *roifile = NULL;
  clock_t start_time = clock();
  clock_t encoding_start_cpu_time;
  UVG_CLOCK_T encoding_start_real_time;

  clock_t encoding_end_cpu_time;
  UVG_CLOCK_T encoding_end_real_time;

  // PTS of the reconstructed picture that should be output next.
  // Only used with --debug.
  uint64_t next_recon_pts = 0;
  // Buffer for storing reconstructed pictures that are not to be output
  // yet (i.e. in wrong order because GOP is used).
  // Only used with --debug.
  uvg_picture *recon_buffer[UVG_MAX_GOP_LENGTH] = { NULL };
  int recon_buffer_size = 0;

  // Semaphores for synchronizing the input reader thread and the main
  // thread.
  //
  // available_input_slots tells whether the main thread is currently using
  // input_handler_args.img_in. (0 = in use, 1 = not in use)
  //
  // filled_input_slots tells whether there is a new input picture (or NULL
  // if the input has ended) in input_handler_args.img_in placed by the
  // input reader thread. (0 = no new image, 1 = one new image)
  //
  uvg_sem_t *available_input_slots = NULL;
  uvg_sem_t *filled_input_slots = NULL;

#ifdef _WIN32
  // Stderr needs to be text mode to convert \n to \r\n in Windows.
  setmode( _fileno( stderr ), _O_TEXT );
#endif

  CHECKPOINTS_INIT();

  const uvg_api * const api = uvg_api_get(8);


  opts = cmdline_opts_parse(api, argc, argv);
  // If problem with command line options, print banner and shutdown.
  if (!opts) {
    print_version(false);
    print_usage();

    goto exit_failure;
  }
  if (opts->version) {
    print_version(false);
    goto done;
  }
  if (opts->help) {
    print_help();
    goto done;
  }
  print_version(true);

  input = open_input_file(opts->input);
  if (input == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file, shutting down!\n");
    goto exit_failure;
  }

  output = open_output_file(opts->output);
  if (output == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file, shutting down!\n");
    goto exit_failure;
  }

#ifdef _WIN32
  // Set stdin and stdout to binary for pipes.
  if (input == stdin) {
    _setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
  }
  if (output == stdout) {
    _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
  }
#endif

  if (opts->debug != NULL) {
    recout = open_output_file(opts->debug);
    if (recout == NULL) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not open reconstruction file (%s), shutting down!\n", opts->debug);
      goto exit_failure;
    }
  }

  // Parse headers if input data is in y4m container
  if (opts->config->file_format == UVG_FORMAT_Y4M) {
    if (!read_header(input, opts->config)) {
      goto exit_failure;
    }
  }

  enc = api->encoder_open(opts->config);
  if (!enc) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open encoder.\n");
    goto exit_failure;
  }

  const encoder_control_t *encoder = enc->control;

  fprintf(stderr, "Input: %s, output: %s\n", opts->input, opts->output);
  fprintf(stderr, "  Video size: %dx%d (input=%dx%d)\n",
         encoder->in.width, encoder->in.height,
         encoder->in.real_width, encoder->in.real_height);

  if (opts->seek > 0 && !yuv_io_seek(input, opts->seek, opts->config->width, opts->config->height, opts->config->file_format)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to seek %d frames.\n", opts->seek);
    goto exit_failure;
  }

#ifdef UVG_DEBUG_PRINT_YUVIEW_CSV
  if (opts->debug != NULL) DBG_YUVIEW_INIT(encoder, opts->debug, opts->input);
#endif

  //Now, do the real stuff
  {

    UVG_GET_TIME(&encoding_start_real_time);
    encoding_start_cpu_time = clock();

    uint64_t bitstream_length = 0;
    uint32_t frames_done = 0;
    double psnr_sum[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
    uint64_t qp_sum = 0;

    // how many bits have been written this second? used for checking if framerate exceeds level's limits
    uint64_t bits_this_second = 0;
    // the amount of frames have been encoded in this second of video. can be non-integer value if framerate is non-integer value
    unsigned frames_this_second = 0;
    const float framerate = ((float)encoder->cfg.framerate_num) / ((float)encoder->cfg.framerate_denom);

    uint8_t padding_x = get_padding(opts->config->width);
    uint8_t padding_y = get_padding(opts->config->height);

    pthread_t input_thread;

    available_input_slots = calloc(1, sizeof(uvg_sem_t));
    filled_input_slots    = calloc(1, sizeof(uvg_sem_t));
    uvg_sem_init(available_input_slots, 0);
    uvg_sem_init(filled_input_slots,    0);

    // Give arguments via struct to the input thread
    input_handler_args in_args = {
      .available_input_slots = available_input_slots,
      .filled_input_slots = filled_input_slots,

      .input = input,
      .api = api,
      .opts = opts,
      .encoder = encoder,
      .padding_x = padding_x,
      .padding_y = padding_y,

      .img_in = NULL,
      .retval = RETVAL_RUNNING,
    };
    in_args.available_input_slots = available_input_slots;
    in_args.filled_input_slots    = filled_input_slots;

    if (pthread_create(&input_thread, NULL, input_read_thread, (void*)&in_args) != 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "pthread_create failed!\n");
      assert(0);
      return 0;
    }
    uvg_picture *cur_in_img;
    for (;;) {

      // Skip mutex locking if the input thread does not exist.
      if (in_args.retval == RETVAL_RUNNING) {
        // Increase available_input_slots so that the input thread can
        // write the new img_in and retval to in_args.
        uvg_sem_post(available_input_slots);
        // Wait until the input thread has updated in_args and then
        // decrease filled_input_slots.
        uvg_sem_wait(filled_input_slots);

        cur_in_img = in_args.img_in;
        in_args.img_in = NULL;

      } else {
        cur_in_img = NULL;
      }

      if (in_args.retval == EXIT_FAILURE) {
        goto exit_failure;
      }

      uvg_data_chunk* chunks_out = NULL;
      uvg_picture *img_rec = NULL;
      uvg_picture *img_src = NULL;
      uint32_t len_out = 0;
      uvg_frame_info info_out;
      if (!api->encoder_encode(enc,
                               cur_in_img,
                               &chunks_out,
                               &len_out,
                               &img_rec,
                               &img_src,
                               &info_out)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode image.\n");
        api->picture_free(cur_in_img);
        goto exit_failure;
      }

      if (chunks_out == NULL && cur_in_img == NULL) {
        // We are done since there is no more input and output left.
        break;
      }

      if (chunks_out != NULL) {
        uint64_t written = 0;
        // Write data into the output file.
        for (uvg_data_chunk *chunk = chunks_out;
             chunk != NULL;
             chunk = chunk->next) {
          assert(written + chunk->len <= len_out);
          if (fwrite(chunk->data, sizeof(uint8_t), chunk->len, output) != chunk->len) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write data to file.\n");
            api->picture_free(cur_in_img);
            api->chunk_free(chunks_out);
            goto exit_failure;
          }
          written += chunk->len;
        }
        fflush(output);

        bitstream_length += len_out;
        
        // the level's bitrate check
        frames_this_second += 1;

        if ((float)frames_this_second >= framerate) {
          // if framerate <= 1 then we go here always

          // how much of the bits of the last frame belonged to the next second
          uint64_t leftover_bits = (uint64_t)((double)len_out * ((double)frames_this_second - framerate));

          // the latest frame is counted for the amount that it contributed to this current second
          bits_this_second += len_out - leftover_bits;

          if (bits_this_second > encoder->cfg.max_bitrate) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Level warning: This %s's bitrate (%llu bits/s) reached the maximum bitrate (%u bits/s) of %s tier level %g.",
              framerate >= 1.0f ? "second" : "frame",
              (unsigned long long) bits_this_second,
              encoder->cfg.max_bitrate,
              encoder->cfg.high_tier ? "high" : "main",
              (float)encoder->cfg.level / 10.0f );
          }

          if (framerate > 1.0f) {
            // leftovers for the next second
            bits_this_second = leftover_bits;
          } else {
            // one or more next seconds are from this frame and their bitrate is the same or less as this frame's
            bits_this_second = 0;
          }
          frames_this_second = 0;
        } else {
          bits_this_second += len_out;
        }

        // Compute and print stats.

        double frame_psnr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
        if (encoder->cfg.calc_psnr && encoder->cfg.source_scan_type == UVG_INTERLACING_NONE) {
          // Do not compute PSNR for interlaced frames, because img_rec does not contain
          // the deinterlaced frame yet.
          compute_psnr(img_src, img_rec, frame_psnr);
        }

        if (recout) {
          // Since chunks_out was not NULL, img_rec should have been set.
          assert(img_rec);

          DBG_YUVIEW_FINISH_FRAME(info_out.poc);

          // Move img_rec to the recon buffer.
          assert(recon_buffer_size < UVG_MAX_GOP_LENGTH);
          recon_buffer[recon_buffer_size++] = img_rec;
          img_rec = NULL;

          // Try to output some reconstructed pictures.
          output_recon_pictures(api,
                                recout,
                                recon_buffer,
                                &recon_buffer_size,
                                &next_recon_pts,
                                opts->config->width,
                                opts->config->height);
        }

        qp_sum      += info_out.qp;
        frames_done += 1;

        psnr_sum[0] += frame_psnr[0];
        psnr_sum[1] += frame_psnr[1];
        psnr_sum[2] += frame_psnr[2];

        print_frame_info(&info_out, frame_psnr, len_out, encoder->cfg.calc_psnr,
                         calc_avg_qp(qp_sum, frames_done));
      }

      api->picture_free(cur_in_img);
      api->chunk_free(chunks_out);
      api->picture_free(img_rec);
      api->picture_free(img_src);
    }

    UVG_GET_TIME(&encoding_end_real_time);
    encoding_end_cpu_time = clock();
    // Coding finished

    // All reconstructed pictures should have been output.
    assert(recon_buffer_size == 0);

    // Print statistics of the coding
    fprintf(stderr, " Processed %d frames, %10llu bits",
            frames_done,
            (long long unsigned int)bitstream_length * 8);
    if (encoder->cfg.calc_psnr && frames_done > 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, " AVG PSNR Y %2.4f U %2.4f V %2.4f",
              psnr_sum[0] / frames_done,
              psnr_sum[1] / frames_done,
              psnr_sum[2] / frames_done);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    fprintf(stderr, " Total CPU time: %.3f s.\n", ((float)(clock() - start_time)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

    {
      const double mega = (double)(1 << 20);

      double encoding_time = ( (double)(encoding_end_cpu_time - encoding_start_cpu_time) ) / (double) CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
      double wall_time = UVG_CLOCK_T_AS_DOUBLE(encoding_end_real_time) - UVG_CLOCK_T_AS_DOUBLE(encoding_start_real_time);

      double encoding_cpu = 100.0 * encoding_time / wall_time;
      double encoding_fps = (double)frames_done   / wall_time;

      double n_bits       = (double)(bitstream_length * 8);
      double sf_num       = (double)encoder->cfg.framerate_num;
      double sf_den       = (double)encoder->cfg.framerate_denom;
      double sequence_fps =         sf_num / sf_den;

      double sequence_t   = (double)frames_done / sequence_fps;
      double bitrate_bps  = (double)n_bits      / sequence_t;
      double bitrate_mbps =         bitrate_bps / mega;

      double avg_qp       = calc_avg_qp(qp_sum, frames_done);

#ifdef _WIN32
      if (encoding_cpu > 100.0) {
        encoding_cpu = 100.0;
      }
#endif
      fprintf(stderr, " Encoding time: %.3f s.\n",      encoding_time);
      fprintf(stderr, " Encoding wall time: %.3f s.\n", wall_time);

      fprintf(stderr, " Encoding CPU usage: %.2f%%\n",  encoding_cpu);
      fprintf(stderr, " FPS: %.2f\n",                   encoding_fps);

      fprintf(stderr, " Bitrate: %.3f Mbps\n",          bitrate_mbps);
      fprintf(stderr, " AVG QP: %.1f\n",                avg_qp);
    }
    pthread_join(input_thread, NULL);
  }

  goto done;

exit_failure:
  retval = EXIT_FAILURE;

done:
  // destroy semaphores
  if (available_input_slots) uvg_sem_destroy(available_input_slots);
  if (filled_input_slots)    uvg_sem_destroy(filled_input_slots);
  FREE_POINTER(available_input_slots);
  FREE_POINTER(filled_input_slots);

  // deallocate structures
  if (enc) api->encoder_close(enc);
  if (opts) cmdline_opts_free(api, opts);

  // close files
  if (input)  fclose(input);
  if (output) fclose(output);
  if (recout) fclose(recout);
  if (roifile) fclose(roifile);

  DBG_YUVIEW_CLEANUP();
  CHECKPOINTS_FINALIZE();

  return retval;
}