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uvg266/src/rate_control.c

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/*****************************************************************************
* This file is part of uvg266 VVC encoder.
*
* Copyright (c) 2021, Tampere University, ITU/ISO/IEC, project contributors
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
* other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* * Neither the name of the Tampere University or ITU/ISO/IEC nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
* ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
* INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
****************************************************************************/
#include "rate_control.h"
#include <math.h>
#include "encoder.h"
#include "uvg266.h"
#include "pthread.h"
static const int MIN_SMOOTHING_WINDOW = 40;
static int smoothing_window = 40;
static const double MIN_LAMBDA = 0.1;
static const double MAX_LAMBDA = 10000;
#define BETA1 1.2517
static uvg_rc_data *data;
static FILE *dist_file;
static FILE *bits_file;
static FILE *qp_file;
static FILE *lambda_file;
/**
* \brief Clip lambda value to a valid range.
*/
static double clip_lambda(double lambda) {
if (isnan(lambda)) return MAX_LAMBDA;
return CLIP(MIN_LAMBDA, MAX_LAMBDA, lambda);
}
uvg_rc_data * uvg_get_rc_data(const encoder_control_t * const encoder) {
if (data != NULL || encoder == NULL) return data;
data = calloc(1, sizeof(uvg_rc_data));
if (data == NULL) return NULL;
if (pthread_mutex_init(&data->ck_frame_lock, NULL) != 0) return NULL;
if (pthread_mutex_init(&data->lambda_lock, NULL) != 0) return NULL;
if (pthread_mutex_init(&data->intra_lock, NULL) != 0) return NULL;
for (int (i) = 0; (i) < UVG_MAX_GOP_LAYERS; ++(i)) {
if (pthread_rwlock_init(&data->ck_ctu_lock[i], NULL) != 0) return NULL;
}
const int num_lcus = encoder->in.width_in_lcu * encoder->in.height_in_lcu;
for (int i = 0; i < UVG_MAX_GOP_LAYERS; i++) {
data->c_para[i] = malloc(sizeof(double) * num_lcus);
if (data->c_para[i] == NULL) return NULL;
data->k_para[i] = malloc(sizeof(double) * num_lcus);
if (data->k_para[i] == NULL) return NULL;
data->pic_c_para[i] = 5.0;
data->pic_k_para[i] = -0.1;
for (int j = 0; j < num_lcus; j++) {
data->c_para[i][j] = 5.0;
data->k_para[i][j] = -0.1;
}
}
data->intra_bpp = calloc(num_lcus, sizeof(double));
if (data->intra_bpp == NULL) return NULL;
data->intra_dis = calloc(num_lcus, sizeof(double));
if (data->intra_dis == NULL) return NULL;
memset(data->previous_lambdas, 0, sizeof(data->previous_lambdas));
data->previous_frame_lambda = 0.0;
data->intra_pic_bpp = 0.0;
data->intra_pic_distortion = 0.0;
data->intra_alpha = 6.7542000000000000;
data->intra_beta = 1.7860000000000000;
if(encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix) {
char buff[128];
sprintf(buff, "%sbits.txt", encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix);
bits_file = fopen(buff, "w");
sprintf(buff, "%sdist.txt", encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix);
dist_file = fopen(buff, "w");
sprintf(buff, "%sqp.txt", encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix);
qp_file = fopen(buff, "w");
sprintf(buff, "%slambda.txt", encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix);
lambda_file = fopen(buff, "w");
}
return data;
}
void uvg_free_rc_data() {
if (data == NULL) return;
pthread_mutex_destroy(&data->ck_frame_lock);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&data->lambda_lock);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&data->intra_lock);
for (int i = 0; i < UVG_MAX_GOP_LAYERS; ++i) {
pthread_rwlock_destroy(&data->ck_ctu_lock[i]);
}
if (data->intra_bpp) FREE_POINTER(data->intra_bpp);
if (data->intra_dis) FREE_POINTER(data->intra_dis);
for (int i = 0; i < UVG_MAX_GOP_LAYERS; i++) {
if (data->c_para[i]) FREE_POINTER(data->c_para[i]);
if (data->k_para[i]) FREE_POINTER(data->k_para[i]);
}
FREE_POINTER(data);
}
/**
* \brief Update alpha and beta parameters.
*
* \param bits number of bits spent for coding the area
* \param pixels size of the area in pixels
* \param lambda_real lambda used for coding the area
* \param[in,out] alpha alpha parameter to update
* \param[in,out] beta beta parameter to update
*/
static void update_parameters(uint32_t bits,
uint64_t pixels,
double lambda_real,
double *alpha,
double *beta)
{
const double bpp = bits / (double)pixels;
const double lambda_comp = clip_lambda(*alpha * pow(bpp, *beta));
const double lambda_log_ratio = log(lambda_real) - log(lambda_comp);
*alpha += 0.10 * lambda_log_ratio * (*alpha);
*alpha = CLIP(0.05, 20, *alpha);
*beta += 0.05 * lambda_log_ratio * CLIP(-5.0, -1.0, log(bpp));
*beta = CLIP(-3, -0.1, *beta);
}
/**
* \brief Allocate bits for the current GOP.
* \param state the main encoder state
* \return target number of bits
*/
static double gop_allocate_bits(encoder_state_t * const state)
{
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
// At this point, total_bits_coded of the current state contains the
// number of bits written encoder->owf frames before the current frame.
uint64_t bits_coded = state->frame->total_bits_coded;
int pictures_coded = 0;
if(encoder->cfg.gop_len) {
pictures_coded = MAX(0, state->frame->num - CEILDIV(encoder->cfg.owf, encoder->cfg.gop_len)*encoder->cfg.gop_len);
}
else {
pictures_coded = MAX(0, state->frame->num - encoder->cfg.owf);
}
if (encoder->cfg.gop_len > 0 && encoder->cfg.owf > 0) {
// Subtract number of bits in the partially coded GOP.
bits_coded -= state->frame->cur_gop_bits_coded;
}
smoothing_window = MAX(MIN_SMOOTHING_WINDOW, smoothing_window - encoder->cfg.gop_len / 2);
double gop_target_bits = -1;
while( gop_target_bits < 0 && smoothing_window < 150) {
// Equation 12 from https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2014.2336550
gop_target_bits =
(encoder->target_avg_bppic * (pictures_coded + smoothing_window) - bits_coded)
* MAX(1, encoder->cfg.gop_len) / smoothing_window;
if(gop_target_bits < 0) {
smoothing_window += 10;
}
}
// Allocate at least 200 bits for each GOP like HM does.
return MAX(200, gop_target_bits);
}
static int xCalcHADs8x8_ISlice(uvg_pixel * piOrg, int y, int iStrideOrg)
{
piOrg += y * iStrideOrg;
int i, j;
int diff[64], m1[8][8], m2[8][8], m3[8][8], iSumHad = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < 64; k += 8) {
diff[k + 0] = piOrg[0];
diff[k + 1] = piOrg[1];
diff[k + 2] = piOrg[2];
diff[k + 3] = piOrg[3];
diff[k + 4] = piOrg[4];
diff[k + 5] = piOrg[5];
diff[k + 6] = piOrg[6];
diff[k + 7] = piOrg[7];
piOrg += iStrideOrg;
}
//horizontal
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
int jj = j << 3;
m2[j][0] = diff[jj] + diff[jj + 4];
m2[j][1] = diff[jj + 1] + diff[jj + 5];
m2[j][2] = diff[jj + 2] + diff[jj + 6];
m2[j][3] = diff[jj + 3] + diff[jj + 7];
m2[j][4] = diff[jj] - diff[jj + 4];
m2[j][5] = diff[jj + 1] - diff[jj + 5];
m2[j][6] = diff[jj + 2] - diff[jj + 6];
m2[j][7] = diff[jj + 3] - diff[jj + 7];
m1[j][0] = m2[j][0] + m2[j][2];
m1[j][1] = m2[j][1] + m2[j][3];
m1[j][2] = m2[j][0] - m2[j][2];
m1[j][3] = m2[j][1] - m2[j][3];
m1[j][4] = m2[j][4] + m2[j][6];
m1[j][5] = m2[j][5] + m2[j][7];
m1[j][6] = m2[j][4] - m2[j][6];
m1[j][7] = m2[j][5] - m2[j][7];
m2[j][0] = m1[j][0] + m1[j][1];
m2[j][1] = m1[j][0] - m1[j][1];
m2[j][2] = m1[j][2] + m1[j][3];
m2[j][3] = m1[j][2] - m1[j][3];
m2[j][4] = m1[j][4] + m1[j][5];
m2[j][5] = m1[j][4] - m1[j][5];
m2[j][6] = m1[j][6] + m1[j][7];
m2[j][7] = m1[j][6] - m1[j][7];
}
//vertical
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
m3[0][i] = m2[0][i] + m2[4][i];
m3[1][i] = m2[1][i] + m2[5][i];
m3[2][i] = m2[2][i] + m2[6][i];
m3[3][i] = m2[3][i] + m2[7][i];
m3[4][i] = m2[0][i] - m2[4][i];
m3[5][i] = m2[1][i] - m2[5][i];
m3[6][i] = m2[2][i] - m2[6][i];
m3[7][i] = m2[3][i] - m2[7][i];
m1[0][i] = m3[0][i] + m3[2][i];
m1[1][i] = m3[1][i] + m3[3][i];
m1[2][i] = m3[0][i] - m3[2][i];
m1[3][i] = m3[1][i] - m3[3][i];
m1[4][i] = m3[4][i] + m3[6][i];
m1[5][i] = m3[5][i] + m3[7][i];
m1[6][i] = m3[4][i] - m3[6][i];
m1[7][i] = m3[5][i] - m3[7][i];
m2[0][i] = m1[0][i] + m1[1][i];
m2[1][i] = m1[0][i] - m1[1][i];
m2[2][i] = m1[2][i] + m1[3][i];
m2[3][i] = m1[2][i] - m1[3][i];
m2[4][i] = m1[4][i] + m1[5][i];
m2[5][i] = m1[4][i] - m1[5][i];
m2[6][i] = m1[6][i] + m1[7][i];
m2[7][i] = m1[6][i] - m1[7][i];
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
iSumHad += abs(m2[i][j]);
}
}
iSumHad -= abs(m2[0][0]);
iSumHad = (iSumHad + 2) >> 2;
return(iSumHad);
}
/**
* Estimate number of bits used for headers of the current picture.
* \param state the main encoder state
* \return number of header bits
*/
static uint64_t pic_header_bits(encoder_state_t * const state)
{
const uvg_config* cfg = &state->encoder_control->cfg;
// nal type and slice header
uint64_t bits = 48 + 24;
// entry points
bits += 12 * state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu;
switch (cfg->hash) {
case UVG_HASH_CHECKSUM:
bits += 168;
break;
case UVG_HASH_MD5:
bits += 456;
break;
case UVG_HASH_NONE:
break;
}
if (encoder_state_must_write_vps(state)) {
bits += 613;
}
if (state->frame->num == 0 && cfg->add_encoder_info) {
bits += 1392;
}
return bits;
}
/**
* Allocate bits for the current picture.
* \param state the main encoder state
* \return target number of bits, excluding headers
*/
static double pic_allocate_bits(encoder_state_t * const state)
{
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
if (encoder->cfg.gop_len == 0 ||
state->frame->gop_offset == 0 ||
state->frame->num == 0)
{
// A new GOP starts at this frame.
state->frame->cur_gop_target_bits = gop_allocate_bits(state);
state->frame->cur_gop_bits_coded = 0;
} else {
state->frame->cur_gop_target_bits =
state->previous_encoder_state->frame->cur_gop_target_bits;
}
if (state->frame->is_irap && encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
int total_cost = 0;
for (int y = 0; y < encoder->cfg.height; y += 8) {
for (int x = 0; x < encoder->cfg.width; x += 8) {
int cost = xCalcHADs8x8_ISlice(state->tile->frame->source->y + x, y, state->tile->frame->source->stride);
total_cost += cost;
uvg_get_lcu_stats(state, x / 64, y / 64)->i_cost += cost;
}
}
state->frame->icost = total_cost;
state->frame->remaining_weight = total_cost;
double bits = state->frame->cur_gop_target_bits / MAX(encoder->cfg.gop_len, 1);
double alpha, beta = 0.5582;
if (bits * 40 < encoder->cfg.width * encoder->cfg.height) {
alpha = 0.25;
}
else {
alpha = 0.3;
}
return MAX(100, alpha*pow(state->frame->icost * 4 / bits, beta)*bits);
}
if (encoder->cfg.gop_len <= 0) {
return state->frame->cur_gop_target_bits;
}
const double pic_weight = encoder->gop_layer_weights[
encoder->cfg.gop[state->frame->gop_offset].layer - 1];
const double pic_target_bits =
state->frame->cur_gop_target_bits * pic_weight - pic_header_bits(state);
// Allocate at least 100 bits for each picture like HM does.
return MAX(100, pic_target_bits);
}
static int8_t lambda_to_qp(const double lambda)
{
const int8_t qp = (const int8_t)(4.2005 * log(lambda) + 13.7223 + 0.5);
return CLIP_TO_QP(qp);
}
static double solve_cubic_equation(const encoder_state_config_frame_t * const state,
int ctu_index,
int last_ctu,
double est_lambda,
double target_bits)
{
double best_lambda = 0.0;
double para_a = 0.0;
double para_b = 0.0;
double para_c = 0.0;
double para_d = 0.0;
double delta = 0.0;
double para_aa = 0.0;
double para_bb = 0.0;
double para_cc = 0.0;
for (int i = ctu_index; i < last_ctu; i++)
{
double a = 0.0;
double b = 0.0;
double c = 0.0;
double d = 0.0;
assert(!((state->c_para[i] <= 0) || (state->k_para[i] >= 0))); //Check C and K during each solution
double CLCU = state->c_para[i];
double KLCU = state->k_para[i];
a = -CLCU * KLCU / pow(state->lcu_stats[i].pixels, KLCU - 1.0);
b = -1.0 / (KLCU - 1.0);
d = est_lambda;
c = pow(a / d, b);
para_a = para_a - c * pow(b, 3.0) / 6.0;
para_b = para_b + (pow(b, 2.0) / 2.0 + pow(b, 3.0)*log(d) / 2.0)*c;
para_c = para_c - (pow(b, 3.0) / 2.0*pow(log(d), 2.0) + pow(b, 2.0)*log(d) + b)*c;
para_d = para_d + c * (1 + b * log(d) + pow(b, 2.0) / 2 * pow(log(d), 2.0) + pow(b, 3.0) / 6 * pow(log(d), 3.0));
}
para_d = para_d - target_bits;
para_aa = para_b * para_b - 3 * para_a*para_c;
para_bb = para_b * para_c - 9 * para_a*para_d;
para_cc = para_c * para_c - 3 * para_b*para_d;
delta = para_bb * para_bb - 4 * para_aa*para_cc;
if (delta > 0.0) //Check whether delta is right
{
double temp_x = 0.0;
double part1 = 0.0;
double part2 = 0.0;
double flag1 = 0.0;
double flag2 = 0.0;
part1 = para_aa * para_b + 3 * para_a*(-para_bb - pow(delta, 0.5)) / 2.0;
part2 = para_aa * para_b + 3 * para_a*(-para_bb + pow(delta, 0.5)) / 2.0;
if (part1 < 0.0) {
part1 = -part1;
flag1 = -1.0;
}
else {
flag1 = 1.0;
}
if (part2 < 0.0) {
part2 = -part2;
flag2 = -1.0;
}
else {
flag2 = 1.0;
}
temp_x = (-para_b - flag1 * pow(part1, 1.0 / 3.0) - flag2 * pow(part2, 1.0 / 3.0)) / 3 / para_a;
best_lambda = exp(temp_x);
}
else {
best_lambda = est_lambda; //Use the original picture estimated lambda for the current CTU
}
best_lambda = CLIP(0.001, 100000000.0, best_lambda);
return best_lambda;
}
static INLINE double calculate_weights(encoder_state_t* const state, const int ctu_count, double est_lambda) {
double total_weight = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < ctu_count; i++) {
double c_lcu = state->frame->c_para[i];
double k_lcu = state->frame->k_para[i];
double a = -c_lcu * k_lcu / pow(state->frame->lcu_stats[i].pixels, k_lcu - 1.0);
double b = -1.0 / (k_lcu - 1.0);
state->frame->lcu_stats[i].original_weight = state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight = pow(a / est_lambda, b);
if (state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight < 0.01) {
state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight = 0.01;
}
total_weight += state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight;
}
return total_weight;
}
void uvg_estimate_pic_lambda(encoder_state_t * const state) {
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
const int layer = MAX(encoder->cfg.gop[state->frame->gop_offset].layer - (state->frame->is_irap ? 1 : 0), 0);
const int ctu_count = state->tile->frame->height_in_lcu * state->tile->frame->width_in_lcu;
double alpha;
double beta;
if(state->frame->is_irap && encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
alpha = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_alpha;
beta = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_beta;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
}
else if(state->frame->poc == 0) {
alpha = state->frame->rc_alpha;
beta = state->frame->rc_beta;
}
else {
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_frame_lock);
alpha = -state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_c_para[layer] *
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_k_para[layer];
beta = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_k_para[layer] - 1;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_frame_lock);
}
double bits = pic_allocate_bits(state);
state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits = bits;
double est_lambda;
int32_t num_pixels = state->encoder_control->cfg.width * state->encoder_control->cfg.height;
double bpp = bits / num_pixels;
if (state->frame->is_irap) {
if(encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
state->frame->i_bits_left = bits;
double temp = pow(state->frame->icost / num_pixels, BETA1);
est_lambda = alpha / 256 * pow(temp/bpp, beta);
}
else {
// arbitrary reduction to the lambda for intra frames
est_lambda = alpha * pow(bpp, beta) * 0.5;
}
}
else {
est_lambda = alpha * pow(bpp, beta);
}
double temp_lambda;
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->lambda_lock);
if ((temp_lambda = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->previous_lambdas[layer]) > 0.0) {
temp_lambda = CLIP(0.1, 10000.0, temp_lambda);
est_lambda = CLIP(temp_lambda * pow(2.0, -1), temp_lambda * 2, est_lambda);
}
if((temp_lambda = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->previous_frame_lambda) > 0.0) {
temp_lambda = CLIP(0.1, 2000.0, temp_lambda);
est_lambda = CLIP(temp_lambda * pow(2.0, -10.0 / 3.0), temp_lambda * pow(2.0, 10.0 / 3.0), est_lambda);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->lambda_lock);
est_lambda = CLIP(0.1, 10000.0, est_lambda);
double total_weight = 0;
if(!state->frame->is_irap) {
double best_lambda = est_lambda;
if(!state->encoder_control->cfg.frame_allocation) {
pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_ctu_lock[layer]);
memcpy(state->frame->c_para, state->frame->new_ratecontrol->c_para[layer], ctu_count * sizeof(double));
memcpy(state->frame->k_para, state->frame->new_ratecontrol->k_para[layer], ctu_count * sizeof(double));
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_ctu_lock[layer]);
temp_lambda = est_lambda;
double taylor_e3;
int iteration_number = 0;
do {
taylor_e3 = 0.0;
best_lambda = temp_lambda = solve_cubic_equation(state->frame, 0, ctu_count, temp_lambda, bits);
for (int i = 0; i < ctu_count; ++i) {
double CLCU = state->frame->c_para[i];
double KLCU = state->frame->k_para[i];
double a = -CLCU * KLCU / pow(state->frame->lcu_stats[i].pixels, KLCU - 1.0);
double b = -1.0 / (KLCU - 1.0);
taylor_e3 += pow(a / best_lambda, b);
}
iteration_number++;
}
while (fabs(taylor_e3 - bits) > 0.01 && iteration_number <= 11);
}
total_weight = calculate_weights(state, ctu_count, best_lambda);
state->frame->remaining_weight = bits;
}
else {
for (int i = 0; i < ctu_count; ++i) {
state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight = MAX(0.01,
state->frame->lcu_stats[i].pixels * pow(est_lambda / alpha,
1.0 / beta));
total_weight += state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight;
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < ctu_count; ++i) {
state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight = bits * state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight / total_weight;
}
state->frame->lambda = est_lambda;
state->frame->QP = lambda_to_qp(est_lambda);
}
static double get_ctu_bits(encoder_state_t * const state, vector2d_t pos) {
int avg_bits;
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
int num_ctu = state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu * state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu;
const int index = pos.x + pos.y * state->tile->frame->width_in_lcu;
if (state->frame->is_irap) {
if(encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
int cus_left = num_ctu - index + 1;
int window = MIN(4, cus_left);
double mad = uvg_get_lcu_stats(state, pos.x, pos.y)->i_cost;
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->rc_lock);
double bits_left = state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits - state->frame->cur_frame_bits_coded;
double weighted_bits_left = (bits_left * window + (bits_left - state->frame->i_bits_left)*cus_left) / window;
avg_bits = (int32_t)(mad * weighted_bits_left / state->frame->remaining_weight);
state->frame->remaining_weight -= mad;
state->frame->i_bits_left -= state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits * mad / state->frame->icost;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->rc_lock);
}
else {
avg_bits = (int32_t)(state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits * ((double)state->frame->lcu_stats[index].pixels /
(state->encoder_control->in.height * state->encoder_control->in.width)));
}
}
else {
double total_weight = 0;
// In case wpp is used only the ctus of the current frame are safe to use
const int used_ctu_count = MIN(4, (encoder->cfg.wpp ? (pos.y + 1) * encoder->in.width_in_lcu : num_ctu) - index);
int32_t target_bits = 0;
double best_lambda = 0.0;
double temp_lambda = state->frame->lambda;
double taylor_e3 = 0.0;
int iter = 0;
int last_ctu = index + used_ctu_count;
for (int i = index; i < last_ctu; i++) {
target_bits += (int32_t)state->frame->lcu_stats[i].weight;
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->rc_lock);
total_weight = state->frame->remaining_weight;
target_bits = (int32_t)MAX(target_bits + state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits - state->frame->cur_frame_bits_coded - (int)total_weight, 10);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->rc_lock);
//just similar with the process at frame level, details can refer to the function uvg_estimate_pic_lambda
do {
taylor_e3 = 0.0;
best_lambda = solve_cubic_equation(state->frame, index, last_ctu, temp_lambda, target_bits);
temp_lambda = best_lambda;
for (int i = index; i < last_ctu; i++) {
double CLCU = state->frame->c_para[i];
double KLCU = state->frame->k_para[i];
double a = -CLCU * KLCU / pow((double)state->frame->lcu_stats[i].pixels, KLCU - 1.0);
double b = -1.0 / (KLCU - 1.0);
taylor_e3 += pow(a / best_lambda, b);
}
iter++;
} while (fabs(taylor_e3 - target_bits) > 0.01 && iter < 5);
double c_ctu = state->frame->c_para[index];
double k_ctu = state->frame->k_para[index];
double a = -c_ctu * k_ctu / pow(((double)state->frame->lcu_stats[index].pixels), k_ctu - 1.0);
double b = -1.0 / (k_ctu - 1.0);
state->frame->lcu_stats[index].weight = MAX(pow(a / best_lambda, b), 0.01);
avg_bits = (int)(state->frame->lcu_stats[index].weight + 0.5);
}
if (avg_bits < 1) {
avg_bits = 1;
}
return avg_bits;
}
static double qp_to_lambda(encoder_state_t* const state, int qp)
{
const int shift_qp = 12;
double lambda = 0.57 * pow(2.0, (qp - shift_qp) / 3.0);
// NOTE: HM adjusts lambda for inter according to Hadamard usage in ME.
// SATD is currently always enabled for ME, so this has no effect.
// bool hadamard_me = true;
// if (!hadamard_me && state->frame->slicetype != UVG_SLICE_I) {
// lambda *= 0.95;
// }
return lambda;
}
void uvg_set_ctu_qp_lambda(encoder_state_t * const state, vector2d_t pos) {
double bits = get_ctu_bits(state, pos);
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
const int frame_allocation = state->encoder_control->cfg.frame_allocation;
int index = pos.x + pos.y * state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu;
lcu_stats_t* ctu = &state->frame->lcu_stats[index];
double bpp = bits / ctu->pixels;
double alpha;
double beta;
if (state->frame->is_irap && encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
alpha = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_alpha;
beta = state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_beta;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
}
else if(state->frame->num == 0) {
alpha = state->frame->rc_alpha;
beta = state->frame->rc_beta;
}
else {
alpha = -state->frame->c_para[index] * state->frame->k_para[index];
beta = state->frame->k_para[index] - 1;
}
double est_lambda;
int est_qp;
if (state->frame->is_irap && encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
double cost_per_pixel = (double)ctu->i_cost / ctu->pixels;
cost_per_pixel = pow(cost_per_pixel, BETA1);
est_lambda = alpha / 256.0 * pow(cost_per_pixel / bpp, beta);
est_qp = state->frame->QP;
double max_lambda = exp(((double)est_qp + 2.49 - 13.7122) / 4.2005);
double min_lambda = exp(((double)est_qp - 2.49 - 13.7122) / 4.2005);
est_lambda = CLIP(min_lambda, max_lambda, est_lambda);
est_qp = lambda_to_qp(est_lambda);
}
else {
// In case wpp is used the previous ctus may not be ready from above rows
const int ctu_limit = encoder->cfg.wpp ? pos.y * encoder->in.width_in_lcu : 0;
est_lambda = alpha * pow(bpp, beta) * (state->frame->is_irap ? 0.5 : 1);
const double clip_lambda = state->frame->lambda;
double clip_neighbor_lambda = -1;
int clip_qp = -1;
if (encoder->cfg.clip_neighbour || state->frame->num == 0) {
for (int temp_index = index - 1; temp_index >= ctu_limit; --temp_index) {
if (state->frame->lcu_stats[temp_index].lambda > 0) {
clip_neighbor_lambda = state->frame->lcu_stats[temp_index].lambda;
break;
}
}
for (int temp_index = index - 1; temp_index >= ctu_limit; --temp_index) {
if (state->frame->lcu_stats[temp_index].qp > -1) {
clip_qp = state->frame->lcu_stats[temp_index].qp;
break;
}
}
}
else {
if (state->frame->lcu_stats[index].lambda > 0) {
clip_neighbor_lambda = state->frame->previous_layer_state->frame->lcu_stats[index].lambda;
}
if (state->frame->lcu_stats[index].qp > 0) {
clip_qp = state->frame->previous_layer_state->frame->lcu_stats[index].qp;
}
}
if (clip_neighbor_lambda > 0) {
est_lambda = CLIP(clip_neighbor_lambda * pow(2, -(1.0 + frame_allocation) / 3.0),
clip_neighbor_lambda * pow(2.0, (1.0 + frame_allocation) / 3.0),
est_lambda);
}
if (clip_lambda > 0) {
est_lambda = CLIP(clip_lambda * pow(2, -(2.0 + frame_allocation) / 3.0),
clip_lambda * pow(2.0, (1.0 + frame_allocation) / 3.0),
est_lambda);
}
else {
est_lambda = CLIP(10.0, 1000.0, est_lambda);
}
if (est_lambda < 0.1) {
est_lambda = 0.1;
}
est_qp = lambda_to_qp(est_lambda);
if( clip_qp > -1) {
est_qp = CLIP(clip_qp - 1 - frame_allocation,
clip_qp + 1 + frame_allocation,
est_qp);
}
est_qp = CLIP(state->frame->QP - 2 - frame_allocation,
state->frame->QP + 2 + frame_allocation,
est_qp);
}
state->lambda = est_lambda;
state->lambda_sqrt = sqrt(est_lambda);
state->qp = est_qp;
int8_t chroma_qp = encoder->qp_map[0][est_qp];
double tmpWeight = pow(2.0, (est_qp - chroma_qp) / 3.0);
state->c_lambda = est_lambda / tmpWeight;
ctu->qp = est_qp;
ctu->lambda = est_lambda;
ctu->i_cost = 0;
// Apply variance adaptive quantization
if (encoder->cfg.vaq) {
vector2d_t lcu = {
pos.x + state->tile->lcu_offset_x,
pos.y + state->tile->lcu_offset_y
};
int32_t id = lcu.x + lcu.y * state->tile->frame->width_in_lcu;
int32_t aq_offset = (int32_t)round(state->frame->aq_offsets[id]);
state->qp += aq_offset;
// Maximum delta QP is clipped according to ITU T-REC-H.265 specification chapter 7.4.9.10 Transform unit semantics
// Clipping range is a function of bit depth
// Since this value will be later combined with qp_pred, clip to half of that instead to be safe
state->qp = CLIP(state->frame->QP + UVG_QP_DELTA_MIN / 2, state->frame->QP + UVG_QP_DELTA_MAX / 2, state->qp);
state->qp = CLIP_TO_QP(state->qp);
state->lambda = qp_to_lambda(state, state->qp);
state->lambda_sqrt = sqrt(state->lambda);
ctu->adjust_lambda = state->lambda;
ctu->adjust_qp = state->qp;
//ctu->qp = state->qp;
//ctu->lambda = state->lambda;
}
}
static void update_pic_ck(encoder_state_t * const state, double bpp, double distortion, double lambda, int layer) {
double new_k = 0, new_c;
if(state->frame->num == 1) {
new_k = log(distortion / state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_pic_distortion) /
log(bpp / state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_pic_bpp);
new_c = distortion / pow(bpp, new_k);
}
new_k = -bpp * lambda / distortion;
new_c = distortion / pow(bpp, new_k);
new_c = CLIP(+.1, 100.0, new_c);
new_k = CLIP(-3.0, -0.001, new_k);
if(state->frame->is_irap || state->frame->num <= (4 - state->encoder_control->cfg.frame_allocation)) {
for(int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_c_para[i] = new_c;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_k_para[i] = new_k;
}
}
else {
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_c_para[layer] = new_c;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->pic_k_para[layer] = new_k;
}
}
static void update_ck(encoder_state_t * const state, int ctu_index, int layer)
{
double bpp = (double)state->frame->lcu_stats[ctu_index].bits / state->frame->lcu_stats[ctu_index].pixels;
double distortion = state->frame->lcu_stats[ctu_index].distortion;
double lambda = state->frame->lcu_stats[ctu_index].lambda;
double new_k = 0, new_c = -1;
if (!state->frame->lcu_stats[ctu_index].skipped) {
distortion = MAX(distortion, 0.0001);
bpp = CLIP(0.0001, 10.0, bpp);
new_k = -bpp * lambda / distortion;
new_k = CLIP(-3.0, -0.001, new_k);
new_c = distortion / pow(bpp, new_k);
new_c = CLIP(+.1, 100.0, new_c);
if (state->frame->is_irap || state->frame->num <= (4 - state->encoder_control->cfg.frame_allocation)) {
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->c_para[i][ctu_index] = new_c;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->k_para[i][ctu_index] = new_k;
}
}
else {
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->c_para[layer][ctu_index] = new_c;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->k_para[layer][ctu_index] = new_k;
}
}
}
static int calc_poc(encoder_state_t * const state) {
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
if((encoder->cfg.open_gop && !encoder->cfg.gop_lowdelay) || !encoder->cfg.intra_period) {
return state->frame->poc;
}
if(!encoder->cfg.gop_len || encoder->cfg.open_gop || encoder->cfg.intra_period == 1 || encoder->cfg.gop_lowdelay) {
return state->frame->poc + state->frame->num / encoder->cfg.intra_period * encoder->cfg.intra_period;
}
if (!encoder->cfg.gop_lowdelay && !encoder->cfg.open_gop) {
return state->frame->poc + state->frame->num / (encoder->cfg.intra_period + 1) * (encoder->cfg.intra_period + 1);
}
assert(0);
return -1;
}
void uvg_update_after_picture(encoder_state_t * const state) {
double total_distortion = 0;
double lambda = 0;
int32_t pixels = (state->encoder_control->in.width * state->encoder_control->in.height);
double pic_bpp = (double)state->frame->cur_frame_bits_coded / pixels;
const encoder_control_t * const encoder = state->encoder_control;
const int layer = encoder->cfg.gop[state->frame->gop_offset].layer - (state->frame->is_irap ? 1 : 0);
if (state->frame->is_irap && encoder->cfg.intra_bit_allocation) {
double lnbpp = log(pow(state->frame->icost / pixels, BETA1));
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
double diff_lambda = (double)(state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_beta * log((double)state->frame->cur_frame_bits_coded) - log((double)state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits));
diff_lambda = CLIP(-0.125, 0.125, 0.25*diff_lambda);
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_alpha *= exp(diff_lambda);
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_beta += diff_lambda / lnbpp;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
}
if (encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix) {
int poc = calc_poc(state);
fprintf(dist_file, "%d %d %d\n", poc, encoder->in.width_in_lcu, encoder->in.height_in_lcu);
fprintf(bits_file, "%d %d %d\n", poc, encoder->in.width_in_lcu, encoder->in.height_in_lcu);
fprintf(qp_file, "%d %d %d\n", poc, encoder->in.width_in_lcu, encoder->in.height_in_lcu);
fprintf(lambda_file, "%d %d %d\n", poc, encoder->in.width_in_lcu, encoder->in.height_in_lcu);
}
for(int y_ctu = 0; y_ctu < state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu; y_ctu++) {
for (int x_ctu = 0; x_ctu < state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu; x_ctu++) {
int ctu_distortion = 0;
lcu_stats_t *ctu = uvg_get_lcu_stats(state, x_ctu, y_ctu);
for (int y = y_ctu * 64; y < MIN((y_ctu + 1) * 64, state->tile->frame->height); y++) {
for (int x = x_ctu * 64; x < MIN((x_ctu + 1) * 64, state->tile->frame->width); x++) {
int temp = (int)state->tile->frame->source->y[x + y * state->encoder_control->in.width] -
state->tile->frame->rec->y[x + y * state->encoder_control->in.width];
ctu_distortion += temp * temp;
}
}
ctu->distortion = (double)ctu_distortion / ctu->pixels;
total_distortion += (double)ctu_distortion / ctu->pixels;
lambda += ctu->lambda / (state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu * state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu);
if(encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix) {
fprintf(dist_file, "%f ", ctu->distortion);
fprintf(bits_file, "%d ", ctu->bits);
fprintf(qp_file, "%d ", ctu->adjust_qp ? ctu->adjust_qp : ctu->qp);
fprintf(lambda_file, "%f ", ctu->adjust_lambda ? ctu->adjust_lambda : ctu->lambda);
}
}
if (encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix) {
fprintf(dist_file, "\n");
fprintf(bits_file, "\n");
fprintf(qp_file, "\n");
fprintf(lambda_file, "\n");
}
}
if(encoder->cfg.stats_file_prefix && encoder->cfg.rc_algorithm != UVG_OBA) return;
total_distortion /= (state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu * state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu);
if (state->frame->is_irap) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
for (int y_ctu = 0; y_ctu < state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu; y_ctu++) {
for (int x_ctu = 0; x_ctu < state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu; x_ctu++) {
lcu_stats_t *ctu = uvg_get_lcu_stats(state, x_ctu, y_ctu);
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_dis[x_ctu + y_ctu * state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu] =
ctu->distortion;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_bpp[x_ctu + y_ctu * state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu] =
ctu->bits / ctu->pixels;
}
}
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_pic_distortion = total_distortion;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_pic_bpp = pic_bpp;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->intra_lock);
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->lambda_lock);
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->previous_frame_lambda = lambda;
state->frame->new_ratecontrol->previous_lambdas[layer] = lambda;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->lambda_lock);
update_pic_ck(state, pic_bpp, total_distortion, lambda, layer);
if (state->frame->num <= 4 || state->frame->is_irap){
for (int i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_ctu_lock[i]);
}
}
else{
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_ctu_lock[layer]);
}
for(int i = 0; i < state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu * state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu; i++) {
update_ck(state, i, layer);
}
if (state->frame->num <= 4 || state->frame->is_irap){
for (int i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_ctu_lock[i]);
}
}
else{
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&state->frame->new_ratecontrol->ck_ctu_lock[layer]);
}
}
/**
* \brief Allocate bits and set lambda and QP for the current picture.
* \param state the main encoder state
*/
void uvg_set_picture_lambda_and_qp(encoder_state_t * const state)
{
const encoder_control_t * const ctrl = state->encoder_control;
if (ctrl->cfg.target_bitrate > 0) {
// Rate control enabled
if (state->frame->num > ctrl->cfg.owf) {
// At least one frame has been written.
update_parameters(state->stats_bitstream_length * 8,
ctrl->in.pixels_per_pic,
state->frame->lambda,
&state->frame->rc_alpha,
&state->frame->rc_beta);
}
const double pic_target_bits = pic_allocate_bits(state);
const double target_bpp = pic_target_bits / ctrl->in.pixels_per_pic;
double lambda = state->frame->rc_alpha * pow(target_bpp, state->frame->rc_beta);
lambda = clip_lambda(lambda);
state->frame->lambda = lambda;
state->frame->QP = lambda_to_qp(lambda);
state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits = pic_target_bits;
} else {
// Rate control disabled
uvg_gop_config const * const gop = &ctrl->cfg.gop[state->frame->gop_offset];
const int gop_len = ctrl->cfg.gop_len;
if (gop_len > 0 && state->frame->slicetype != UVG_SLICE_I) {
double qp = ctrl->cfg.qp;
qp += gop->qp_offset;
qp += CLIP(0.0, 3.0, qp * gop->qp_model_scale + gop->qp_model_offset);
state->frame->QP = CLIP_TO_QP((int)(qp + 0.5));
}
else {
state->frame->QP = CLIP_TO_QP(ctrl->cfg.qp + ctrl->cfg.intra_qp_offset);
}
state->frame->lambda = qp_to_lambda(state, state->frame->QP);
}
}
/**
* \brief Allocate bits for a LCU.
* \param state the main encoder state
* \param pos location of the LCU as number of LCUs from top left
* \return number of bits allocated for the LCU
*/
static double lcu_allocate_bits(encoder_state_t * const state,
vector2d_t pos)
{
double lcu_weight;
if (state->frame->num > state->encoder_control->cfg.owf) {
lcu_weight = uvg_get_lcu_stats(state, pos.x, pos.y)->weight;
} else {
const uint32_t num_lcus = state->encoder_control->in.width_in_lcu *
state->encoder_control->in.height_in_lcu;
lcu_weight = 1.0 / num_lcus;
}
// Target number of bits for the current LCU.
const double lcu_target_bits = state->frame->cur_pic_target_bits * lcu_weight;
// Allocate at least one bit for each LCU.
return MAX(1, lcu_target_bits);
}
void uvg_set_lcu_lambda_and_qp(encoder_state_t * const state,
vector2d_t pos)
{
const encoder_control_t * const ctrl = state->encoder_control;
lcu_stats_t *lcu = uvg_get_lcu_stats(state, pos.x, pos.y);
if (state->tile->frame->source->roi.roi_array) {
vector2d_t lcu_vec = {
pos.x + state->tile->lcu_offset_x,
pos.y + state->tile->lcu_offset_y
};
vector2d_t roi = {
lcu_vec.x * state->tile->frame->source->roi.width / ctrl->in.width_in_lcu,
lcu_vec.y * state->tile->frame->source->roi.height / ctrl->in.height_in_lcu
};
int roi_index = roi.x + roi.y * state->tile->frame->source->roi.width;
int dqp = state->tile->frame->source->roi.roi_array[roi_index];
if(dqp != 0) {
pos.x = 0;
}
state->qp = CLIP_TO_QP(state->frame->QP + dqp);
state->lambda = qp_to_lambda(state, state->qp);
state->lambda_sqrt = sqrt(state->lambda);
}
else if (ctrl->cfg.target_bitrate > 0) {
const uint32_t pixels = MIN(LCU_WIDTH, state->tile->frame->width - LCU_WIDTH * pos.x) *
MIN(LCU_WIDTH, state->tile->frame->height - LCU_WIDTH * pos.y);
if (state->frame->num > ctrl->cfg.owf) {
update_parameters(lcu->bits,
pixels,
lcu->lambda,
&lcu->rc_alpha,
&lcu->rc_beta);
} else {
lcu->rc_alpha = state->frame->rc_alpha;
lcu->rc_beta = state->frame->rc_beta;
}
const double target_bits = lcu_allocate_bits(state, pos);
const double target_bpp = target_bits / pixels;
double lambda = clip_lambda(lcu->rc_alpha * pow(target_bpp, lcu->rc_beta));
// Clip lambda according to the equations 24 and 26 in
// https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2014.2336550
if (state->frame->num > ctrl->cfg.owf) {
const double bpp = lcu->bits / (double)pixels;
const double lambda_comp = clip_lambda(lcu->rc_alpha * pow(bpp, lcu->rc_beta));
lambda = CLIP(lambda_comp * 0.7937005259840998,
lambda_comp * 1.2599210498948732,
lambda);
}
lambda = CLIP(state->frame->lambda * 0.6299605249474366,
state->frame->lambda * 1.5874010519681994,
lambda);
lambda = clip_lambda(lambda);
state->lambda = lambda;
state->lambda_sqrt = sqrt(lambda);
state->qp = lambda_to_qp(lambda);
} else {
state->qp = state->frame->QP;
state->lambda = state->frame->lambda;
state->lambda_sqrt = sqrt(state->frame->lambda);
}
lcu->lambda = state->lambda;
lcu->qp = state->qp;
int8_t chroma_qp = ctrl->qp_map[0][state->qp];
double tmpWeight = pow(2.0, (state->qp - chroma_qp) / 3.0);
state->c_lambda = state->lambda / tmpWeight;
// Apply variance adaptive quantization
if (ctrl->cfg.vaq) {
vector2d_t lcu_pos = {
pos.x + state->tile->lcu_offset_x,
pos.y + state->tile->lcu_offset_y
};
int32_t id = lcu_pos.x + lcu_pos.y * state->tile->frame->width_in_lcu;
int32_t aq_offset = (int32_t)round(state->frame->aq_offsets[id]);
state->qp += aq_offset;
// Maximum delta QP is clipped according to ITU T-REC-H.265 specification chapter 7.4.9.10 Transform unit semantics
// Clipping range is a function of bit depth
// Since this value will be later combined with qp_pred, clip to half of that instead to be safe
state->qp = CLIP(state->frame->QP + UVG_QP_DELTA_MIN / 2, state->frame->QP + UVG_QP_DELTA_MAX / 2, state->qp);
state->qp = CLIP_TO_QP(state->qp);
state->lambda = qp_to_lambda(state, state->qp);
state->lambda_sqrt = sqrt(state->lambda);
lcu->adjust_lambda = state->lambda;
lcu->adjust_qp = state->qp;
}
}
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